VARIANT LANDSCAPE

Reference systems & interpretation

Keep denominators, transcripts, proteins, coordinate systems, consequence, and measured mechanism separate.

WHAT EACH COUNT MEANS

3 counts that look similar answer different questions.

PEOPLE REPRESENTED65

connected people

Everyone included in the group-level summaries on this site.

MOLECULAR RESULT RECORDED65

people with a molecular result recorded

Molecular descriptions are recorded for all 65 people, drawing on laboratory results and family-reported information.

POSITION MAP53

people shown on the single-position map

The 34 LoF/truncating and 19 single-missense results that can each be shown at one protein position.

ALL 65 CONNECTED PEOPLE

All molecular categories are shown before the distinct position map.

Bar length represents the share of the 65 connected people. It is not an effect-size or severity scale.

  1. Reported LoF / truncating35 people35
  2. Missense19 people19
  3. CNV / deletion5 people5
  4. Complex / mixed / in-frame3 people3
  5. Splice, protein undefined3 people3

REFERENCE SYSTEMS

An amino-acid number is not an allele identity.

Different transcripts and protein isoforms can number the same variant differently. Keep the original transcript, protein accession, genome build, and isoform, and convert coordinates before comparing positions.

MANE Select2,964 aa

MANE clinical reference

NM_018489.3 transcript
NP_060959.2 protein
Q9NR48-2 UniProt isoform

These 3 identifiers describe the same 2,964-aa MANE protein reference used for the connected-person map.
UniProt canonical isoform2,969 aa

UniProt canonical reference

NM_001366177.2 transcript
NP_001353106.1 protein
Q9NR48-1 UniProt isoform

This is a different transcript–protein pair. Its coordinates are not interchangeable with MANE positions.
CANONICAL-ONLY INSERTIONVFFVS

Q9NR48-1 residues 2,035–2,039 have no MANE counterpart.

The references match through residue 2,034. After the insertion, convert MANE to canonical by adding 5; convert canonical positions 2,040–2,969 to MANE by subtracting 5.

Open the full reference identity →
Shared sequence before the insertionMANE 1–2,034 ↔ UniProt 1–2,034
Canonical-only insertionUniProt 2,035–2,039 · VFFVS ↔ no MANE residue
Shared sequence after the insertionMANE 2,035–2,964 ↔ UniProt 2,040–2,969

Do not apply a blanket 5-residue shift. The mapping is 1:1 through 2,034, contains a 5-residue canonical-only gap, and shifts only after that breakpoint. Verify the accession and reference residue before comparing a variant, domain, or construct.

FROM CONSEQUENCE TO MECHANISM

Gene-level certainty does not functionally classify every allele.

ASH1L haploinsufficiency is established at the gene level. Sequence consequence, predicted RNA fate, protein effect, clinical classification, and functional evidence must still be evaluated separately for an individual allele.

ESTABLISHED AT GENE LEVEL

Reduced ASH1L dosage can cause disease.

ClinGen supports an autosomal-dominant gene–disease relationship and sufficient haploinsufficiency evidence.

REQUIRES ALLELE EVIDENCE

The exact molecular route remains a measurement question.

Predicted NMD, predicted escape, unresolved RNA fate, protein abundance, localization, complex assembly, and functional output are distinct states.

Open the consequence-to-measurement matrix4 molecular contexts · required measurements · invalid shortcuts
Predicted protein-truncating

What RNA and protein products remain?

Measure: Transcript and exon use; allele-specific RNA; predicted NMD, predicted escape, or unresolved RNA fate; full-length and shorter protein; localization.

Do not infer: A stop, frameshift, or splice consequence does not by itself prove NMD, absence of protein, or allele-specific functional loss.

Missense / in-frame

Which molecular function changes, if any?

Measure: Protein abundance, folding, localization, partner binding, nucleosome engagement, catalytic control, and correction or rescue in a relevant state.

Do not infer: Missense is a sequence consequence—not a mechanism, pathogenicity class, or severity category.

Splice

Which transcripts are actually produced?

Measure: RNA from an informative tissue or validated model, ideally with long-read confirmation and protein follow-up.

Do not infer: A predicted splice effect is not the same as an observed RNA consequence.

CNV / complex / mixed

What is the complete molecular architecture?

Measure: Interval and genome build, genes and elements included, phase, segregation, copy-number structure, additional findings, and tissue distribution where relevant.

Do not infer: A multigene or multi-event result cannot be forced into a single-allele position or severity ladder.